by Riccardo Pelizzo

The present paper is a study of development which di?ers from other such studies in two major respects. First, rather than analyzing what factors have promoted the development of a previously underdeveloped area, I will try to assess what factors may lead to the decline of a previously highly developed area. In doing so, I will try to show that development is fragile and precarious, because it depends on both domestic/institutional and international/economic factors and conditions.

Timbuktu: A Lesson in Underdevelopment | Journal of World-Systems Research